Telegram has emerged as a significant platform for cybercriminals and extremist groups due to its relaxed content moderation policies and unique features that are easily exploited. The messaging service, known for its encrypted communication options like Secret Chats, which offer end-to-end encryption and self-destructing messages, provides an ideal environment for illicit activities. Unlike other messaging platforms, Telegram allows users to sign up without a SIM card, further complicating efforts to trace criminal activity. This has made it particularly appealing to terrorist organizations, politically motivated hackers, and cybercriminals who seek to hide their communications.
The platform's ambiguous moderation policies have allowed illegal content, such as child sexual abuse material, to increase in private channels. Public channels on Telegram are often used by groups like Killnet, a pro-Russian hacker organization, to coordinate attacks and recruit new members. Telegram’s overseas ownership and reluctance to cooperate with law enforcement add to its appeal to criminals, making it less likely to face crackdowns than dark web forums.
Despite its use by criminals, Telegram remains a crucial tool for legitimate users, such as the Ukrainian military, which uses the app to share real-time updates during conflicts. The platform's dual use highlights the challenges in regulating a service that is both vital for communication and a haven for illegal activities.